| aphasia |
| Definition: The loss of the ability to either understand or express speech. |
| Etymology: The word derives via Modern Latin from the Greek aphatos, without speech. |
| OED: Its first OED citation is from 1867: "A musician, the subject of aphasia … who had lost the ability to read and write as well as to speak." (Chamb. Jrnl. xxxviii. 85) |